ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY - BIL 106
Study Guide for Exam III

This study guide is NOT a substitute for your notes or text readings. It should be used as a checklist only. Remember that the exam will be multiple choice, 50 questions (2 points each), and have three levels of difficulty: (1) factual recall, (2) synthesizing ideas and making connections and (3) solving new problems with the knowledge you've gained.

Text readings: Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (to page 220) The Secret World of Bats
Don't forget to study your notes from the Halloween video!

BIOSYSTEMATICS
Know the reasons scientific classifications are useful. Know the (subtle) difference between taxonomy and biosystematics.
Know the significance of the work of Carl Linne (a.k.a., Linnaeus). What are the basic rules of Systema naturae? What are the basic rules governing naming of species?
Know the classification hierarchy.
Be able to read a phylogenetic tree. Be able to distinguish between monophyletic, polyphyletic and paraphyletic taxa on a tree.
Know the basic philosophies of the phenetic, cladistic and classical evolutionary schools of thought.

KINGDOM ANIMALIA: FORM AND FUNCTION
Know the synapomorphies unique to Kingdom Animalia, as well as the defining characteristics of the kingdom.
Recall (but don't memorize) the classification hierarchy: (i.e., know that a superphylum is more inclusive than a phylum, and that a genus is less inclusive than a family, etc.)
Recognize the basic types of body symmetry, and know some examples of each type.
Know the planes of symmetry of the animal body.
Know the meaning/significance of: cephalization, oral, aboral, the three germ layers, mesenchyme, mesogloea, tissue, totipotent, diploblastic, triploblastic, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

Know the meaning/significance of: zygote, cleavage (spiral and radial), blastula, gastrula, gastrulation, morphogenesis, blastopore, archenteron, protostome, deuterostome.
In your text, be sure to read all assigned readings, but pay special attention to the section on ECDYSIS: pp 222-223. Read the section on arthropod feeding habits, and understand the meaning of all the bold-faced terms.
Study fiture 12.20 and the wsection on Nervous and sensory systems on pp 224-225, concentrating on the compound eye and its components. Recall what we said in class about the image-forming capability of the compound eye.

TIPTOE THROUGH THE TAXA
Be able to recognize the major groups we've named in class, including subkingdom Parazoa (Phylum Porifera), subkingdom Eumetazoa, superphylum Radiata (Phylum Cnidaria), superphylum Bilateria
Know the general body plans of acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate animals (as shown in the diagram in lecture).

TIPTOE THROUGH THE TAXA
Know the general progression of complexity of the major animal groups as shown in the phylogenetic tree. Be able to recognize the major groups we've named in class, including subkingdom Parazoa (Phylum Porifera), subkingdom Eumetazoa, superphylum Radiata (Phylum Cnidaria), superphylum Bilateria (Phyla Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Rotifera, Arthropoda, etc.)
Know which phyla are acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate.
Know the major characteristics and innovations that set each of these taxa apart from the others.
Know the meaning/significance of the following: Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, ecdysis, metamorphosis, direct and indirect metamorphosis (and be able to recognize an example), metamerism, segmentation, tagmosis, cephalization, coelom, pseudocoelom, cuticle, exoskeleton, nymph, naiad. Know the main body regions as per the body symmetry diagrams we saw in class.

Know the common names, general appearances, main characteristics, and a few common examples of each of the major animal phyla we studied in class, such as sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, annelids, nematodes, rotifers, arthropods, rotifers, molluscs, etc.
You need not memorize the names of any classification level lower than Phylum but you should know what type of animal is in each PHYLUM. (If I want to ask you something about a certain class of aniamls, I will tell you the name of the class and the common name of the animal. For example, "What type of structural support is used by a member of Class Oligochaeta (earthworm)" or something like that.
Be able to figure out what a common ancestor of two sister taxa might have looked like/what characteristics it might have had, judging from what two groups have in common.
Recall the general bauplan and workings of the major animal groups we studied, including anything I mentioned in class about how they feed, respire, eliminate waste, etc.

Exam III material stops at the end of the Chelicerates (Lecture 14).