STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM III - Spring 2007

REVIEW SESSION FRIDAY, APRIL 6 AT 3:45PM IN ROOM 126. COME PREPARED WITH QUESTIONS!

REMEMBER: This guide is not a substitute for coming to class, taking notes and reading your text. Just because I may have accidentally missed listing something here on the guide that I covered in lecture (or is in the text readings) doesn't mean you don't need to know it. The BEST study guide: your downloaded notes, the notes you added to them in class and your assigned text readings.

PLANTAE
IMPORTANT NOTE: You MUST read the textbook chapters on plants to fully understand this material. Much of what I said in class is not written in the web-based notes on our web site, but is repeated in the textbook. You are responsible for it!
Know the meaning/significance of: lignin, endomycorhizzae, sporopollenin, waxy cuticle, stomates, secondary compounds, apical meristems, xylem, phloem.
What are the synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies that link and separate:
  • Plantae
  • Viridiplantae
  • Streptoplantae
  • Embryophyta
    Know the general defining characteristics of the Bryophytes versus the Tracheophytes, and each smaller group within them. Which are most closely related to each other?
    Know the differences between monocot and dicot flowering plants. (Page 603 of your text will be especially helpful here.) From Chapter 35: Please read pages 712 - 716 so you better understand the three organs of plants.
    From Chapter 38: Pages 771-775 (first column) are a repeat of much of what I said today in class about the anthophyte ("angiosperm") life cycle. Be sure to review that! Also read the section on "Double Fertilization" on pages 776-777.
    Know the general alternation of generations life cycle. Know the meaning/significance and ploidy of: sporophyte, sporangium, spore, megaspore, microspore, sporophyll, megasporophyll, microsporophyll, gametophyte, archegonium, antheridium, ovum, sperm, zygote, dioecious, monoecious, strobilus ("cone" as in pine cone: it's a whorl of sporophylls. It's not a flower!)
    Know the basic parts of a flower, which parts are male and female. What parts of a flower have homologs in the seedless vascular plants, and what are those homologs?
    PLANT REPRODUCTION AND LIFE CYCLES Review the generalized plant life cycle, and be familiar with fruit and flower morphology. Recall our talk about types of pollinators. What might a flower look like to attract a particular pollinator?
    Know which life cycle stages are homologous to each other, across the major plant taxa.

    FUNGI: SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

    Recall the major groups of fungi (Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, "Deuteromycota"), their generalized life cycles and their evolutionary relationships to one another.
    Review and understand the various types of symbiotic relationships in which fungi engage.
    Understand the role of fungi in the nitrogen cycle and nutrient cycling.
    Know the basic anatomy and structure of endomycorhizzae (V.A.M.) and ectomycorrhizae, and what their associations with plants do for ecosystems. What does each partner get out of the deal?
    What is a lichen?

    ANIMALIA: PROGRESSION OF COMPLEXITY

    Know the major planes of animal body symmetry, and the types of animal body symmetry.
    Know the common names and important characteristics, organ systems, natural history, etc. of each of the following taxa:

  • Porifera
  • Cnidaria
  • Platyhelminthes (all three classes)
  • Lophotrochozoans
  • Ecdysozoans Know what characteristics are unique to each group. What links them to their related taxa, and what sets them apart?
    Know the major groups of arthropods we covered in class, and their general characteristics. Study the major insect groups we discussed in class, and know which ones are the most primitive, most derived, etc.

    Study the structure and function of the insect compound eye and understand the general importance of insect vision as it applies to pollination and how flowers attract pollinators.

    Know the meaning/significance of: pseudocoelom, coelom, tagmosis, metamerism, open vs. closed circulatory system, ecdysis (and the terms related to arthropod metamorphosis), protostome, deuterostome

    See you at the review session!