LAB 13 THE LOWER EXTREMITY

I. Histology - None

II. Skeletal Material

Femur - Locate the following:

head

neck

greater trochanter

lesser trochanters

intertrochanteric crest

quadrate tubercle

medial and lateral epicondyles

medial and lateral condyles

patellar surface

intercondylar fossa

Fibula

head

lateral malleolus

Tibia

medial and lateral condyles

tibial tuberosity

anterior tibial crest

intercondylar eminence

medial malleolus

Foot

talus

calcaneus

navicular

cuboid

1st, 2nd and 3rd cuneforms

metarsals (5)– first through fifth

phalanges (14)- proximal, middle, and distal

III. Models

A. Knee joint

patella

femur

tibia

fibula

lateral and medial collateral ligaments

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

medial and lateral menisci

medial and lateral condyles

quadriceps tendon

patellar ligament

B. Lower Extremity

a. Muscles

1. Psoas major muscle

2. Iliacus muscle

3. Gluteus maximus muscle

4. Gluteus medius muscle

5. Piriformis muscle

6. Obturator internus muscle

7. a. Superior gemellus muscle

b. Inferior gemellus muscle

8. Quadratus femoris muscle

9. Tensor fasciae latae muscle

10. Sartorius muscle

11. Quadriceps femoris muscle

a. rectus femoris muscle

b. vastus medialis muscle

c. vastus lateralis muscle

d. vastus intermedius muscle

e. quadriceps tendon

12. Pectineus muscle

13. Adductor longus muscle

14. Adductor magnus muscle

15. Gracilis muscle

16. Semitendinosus muscle

17. Semimembranosus muscle

18. Biceps femoris

a. long head

b. short head

19. Tibialis anterior muscle

20. Extensor hallicus longus muscle

21. Extensor digitorum longus muscle

22. Peroneus longus muscle

23. Peroneus brevis muscle

24. Triceps surae muscle

a. and b. Gastrocnemius muscle

c. Soleus muscle

d. Achilles tendon

25. Plantaris muscle

26. Popliteus muscle

27. Flexor digitorum longus

28. Tibialis posterior muscle

29. Flexor hallucis longus

30. Extensor digitorum brevis muscle

32. Abductor hallucis muscle

33. Flexor hallucis brevis

34. Abductor digiti minimi

35. Flexor digiti minimi brevis

36. Flexor digitorum brevis

37. Lumbrical muscles

38. Dorsal interosseus muscles of the foot

b. Vessels

39. External iliac artery

39a. External iliac vein

40. Internal iliac artery

41. Obturator artery

42. Superior gluteal artery

43. Inferior gluteal artery

44. Internal pudendal artery

45. Femoral artery

46. Profunda femoris artery

47. Descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery

48. Ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery

49. Ascending circumflexa femoris medialis ramus profundus

50. Perforating arteries

51. Popliteal artery

52. Lateral superior genicular artery

53. Medial superior genicular artery

54. Lateral inferior genicular artery

55. Medial inferior genicular artery

56. Posterior tibial artery

57. Anterior tibial artery

58. Peroneal artery

c. Nerves

59. Femoral nerve

60. Saphenous nerve

61. Obturator nerve

62. Plenus sacralis

63. Sciatic nerve

64. Medial popliteal nerve and posterior tibial nerve

65. Common peroneal nerve

66. Deep peroneal nerve

67. Superficial peroneal nerve

d. Bones

68. Fifth lumbar vertebra

69. Sacrum

70. Coccyx

71. Iliac crest

72. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

73. Pubic bone

74. Pubic symphysis

75. Ischial spine

76. Ischial tuberosity

77. Greater trochanter

78. Lesser trochanter

79. Femur

80. Medial epicondyle of the femur

81. Lateral epicondyle of the femur

82. Patella

83. Tibia

84. Medial malleolus

85. Head of the fibula

86. Fibula

87. Lateral malleolus

88. Calcaneus

89. Navicular

90. 1st Metarsal bone

91. 5th Metarsal bone

IV. Dissection

A. Gluteal Region

466. Gluteus Maximus

467. Gluteus Medius

468. Gluteus Minimus

469. Sacrospinous ligament

470. Sacrotuberous Ligament

471. Piriformis

472. Sciatic N.

473. Pudendal N.

474. Superior gemellus

475. Obturator Internis

476. Inferior gemellus

477. Quadratus Femoris

B. Posterior and Lateral Thigh

478. Tensor Fascia Lata

479. Iliotibial Tract

480. Biceps Femoris

481. Semitendinosus

482. Semimembranosus

483. Adductor magnus

C. Posterior Leg

484. Gastrocnemius

485. Sural N.

486. Popliteal A.

487. Popliteal V.

488. Common Peroneal N.

489. Plantaris

490. Popliteus

491. Soleus

492. Peroneus Longus

493. Peroneus Brevis

494. Flexor Hallucis Longus

495. Tibialis Posterior

496. Flexor Digitorum Longus

497. Tibial N.

498. Achilles Tendon

D. Anterior and Medial Thigh

499. Psoas Major

500. Iliacus

501. Iliopsoas

502. External Iliac A.

503. External Iliac V.

504. Sartorius

505. Femoral N.

506. Femoral A.

507. Femoral V.

508. Greater Saphenous V.

509. Inguinal Lig.

510. Pectineus

511. Obturator Externis

512. Adductor Brevis

513. Adductor Longus

514. Gracilis

5l5. Rectus Femoris

516. Vastus Lateralis

517. Vastus Medialis

518. Vastus Intermedius

E. Anterior and Lateral Leg

519. Tibialis Anterior

520. Extensor Digitorum Longus

521. Extensor Hallucis Longus

522. Peroneus Longus

523. Peroneus Brevis

V. Audio-Visual

Cross sections of thigh and leg