Lab 3 BONES, JOINTS AND INTEGUMENT

I. Histology - Locate the following:

1. Compact Bone

Haversian Central Canal

Haversian lamellae

Lacuna

Canaliculi

2. Developing Cartilage Bone

Identify the hyaline cartilage that is becoming ossified by osteoblasts

3. Bone Marrow

This slide is of red marrow showing hematopoiesis in various stages

4. Axillary Skin

Try and locate the structures that are indicated on the skin model

5. Thin Skin - pigmented

Identify the melanocytes which contain the pigment melanin

6. Pacinian Corpuscle

These are pressure receptors

II. Skeletal Material

A. Femur (frontal section)- Find the following:

1. proximal epiphysis

2. distal epiphysis

3. head of femur

4. neck

5. diaphysis

6. cancellous bone

7. medullary cavity

8. compact bone

B. Child Skeleton - Note the epiphyseal plates and the bones, such as the

os coxa (part of the pelvic girdle) before they become fused.

C. Joints - Find these on the human skeletons:

1. Hinge

a. Elbow - Find the following:

1. humerus

2. radius

3. ulna

b. Knee - Find the following:

1. femur

2. tibia

3. fibula

4. patella

5. medial condyles

6. lateral condyles

2. Ball and Socket

a. Hip - Find the following:

1. femur

2. obturator foramen

3. os coxa

b. Shoulder - Find the following:

1. clavicle

2. scapula

a. acromion process

b. coracoid process

3. humerus

III. Models

A. Compact Bone

Within the Haversian (central) canal 5. Haversian lamellae

1. Artery 6. Interstitial lamellae

2. Vein 7. Osteocyte

3. Lymph vessel 8. Lacuna

4. Nerve           9. Canaliculi

B. Integument Model (plaque)

1. Stratum corneum

2. Stratum lucidum

3. Stratum granulosum

4. Stratum spinosum

5. Dermal papilla

6. Dermis

7. Hypodermis

8. Adipose tissue

9. Dermal muscle

10. Hair

11. Hair bulb

12. Arrector pili muscle

13. Hair follicle

14. Sebaceous gland

15. Sweat gland

16. Sweat duct

17. Arteriole

18. Venule

19. Lymphatic duct

20. Pacinian corpuscle

C. Skin Model (three dimensional)

I. Epidermis

II. Dermis

III. Hypodermis

1. Stratum corneum

1a. Stratum lucidum

2a. Stratum granulosum

2b. Stratum spinosum

2c. Stratum germinativum

3. Papillae

4. Meissner's corpuscles

5. Adipose tissue

6. Pacinian corpuscles

7. Sweat gland

8. Hair

a. medullary substance

b. cortical substance

c. cuticle

d. inner root-sheath

e. outer root-sheath

f . hyaloid membrane

g. fibrous layer

9. hair

10. hair shaft

11. root

a. hair bulb

12. hair papilla

13. sebaceous gland

14. arrector pili

15. Sweat gland (note increased size and vascularization)

a. visceral muscle

b. hyaline top

c. part of the pushed out cell body

D. Joint Models - examine the models of the shoulder, elbow, hip and

knee. Check the movements possible at these joints. In

addition, find the following on the knee model:

1. lateral collateral ligament

2. medial collateral ligament

3. anterior cruciate ligament

4. posterior cruciate ligament

5. patellar ligament

6. quadraceps tendon

7. medial meniscus

8. lateral meniscus

IV. Dissection

Observe the femur which was removed from a previous cadaver;

note the stainless steel joint replacement.

V. Audio-Visual Material

Identify the motions indicated in the diagram and tell what type

of joint is responsible for those motions.