Hormones
and
Feedback Mechanisms

The Endocrine System

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I. A General Overview

ES and Homeostasis

Feedback Mechanisms

Basic ES cont.

II. ES anatomy basics

C. Hormones

C. 4 Classes of Hormones

Hormone + Receptor

Protein/Peptide Hormones

Steroid Hormones

Amine

Eicosanoid

Hormone + Receptor

Where are Hormones Made ?

The H-P-A
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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D. Neurosecretory Cells

2. Neurosecretory cells in Hypothalamus

E. Hypothalamus (general)

Why is the Hypothalamus so Important?

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Hypothalamic Hormomes

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1. Posterior Pituitary Hormones

How about in frogs ?

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2. Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Hormones To Study

III.Control of Endocrine Function

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A. Positive Feedback

Positive Feedback

Same with frogs?

B. Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback: Thyroid

Basic Structure of Feedback Loop

IV. Specific Endocrine Events

A. Thyroid Hormone

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Thyroid Problems

Goiter

Hypersecretion of TSH or TH

Hyposecretion of TH

B. Growth Hormone

What happens with excess GH?

GH as Juvenile

GH as an Adult

How Does Hypersecretion of GH Happen?

�GH = pituitary dwarfism

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Adrenal Gland

Adrenal Insufficiency

4. Sex Steroids

Importance

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Too many steroids

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Invertebrates

Insect Hormones

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Points

I. Endocrine History

Endocrine History

Important Physiologists

1. Peptide/Protein Hormones

Peptide Hormones cont.

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2. Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones cont.

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3. Amine Hormones

4. Eicosanoid hormones

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Negative Feedback

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Adrenal cortex feedback

Adrenal gland

Adrenal Problems

Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex

What Would the Feedback Loop Look Like for Cushing�s Syndrome?